用磁脉冲大脑前额后的区域,大脑学习和记忆一项任务的能力会有很大提高。
据《每日电讯报》报道,加拿大温哥华英属哥伦比亚大学的科学家发现,用磁脉冲大脑前额后的区域——运动前区皮层(premotor cortex)后,大脑学习和记忆一项任务的能力会有很大提高。这项发现有助于他们研发出可以帮助提高大脑能力的思维帽(thinking cap)。
由英属哥伦比亚大学的拉亚·博伊德(Lara Boyd)博士领导的这个科研组认为,可以利用这项技术提高智力,帮助那些学习有困难的人。博伊德让30名志愿者通过一个操作杆,用红斑追踪电脑屏幕上的目标物。任务期间,那些目标物会随意移动,然后进入一个编程模式,最后重新回到随意移动模式。不过所有参与者都不清楚目标物的这个重复过程,认为它始终都在随意移动。
研究人员用磁体对其中一些参与者的大脑进行。结果发现,那些大脑受的参与者在追踪重复试验部分的目标物时,表现的显然比其他小组更好。不过这些人在随意移动部分的表现并没有明显的差异。博伊德将她的研究结果发表在《BMC神经科学》(BMC Neuroscience)杂志上,她表示,研究显示,磁可提高学习能力,这项发现最终能使他们研制出“思考帽”。
博伊德说:“我们希望利用这种工具,能提高那些在学习新运动技巧方面有困难的患者群体的学习能力。事实上我们现在正在实验室里研究这种可能性。”与此同时,科学家确定引起恐惧的大脑区域后,恐怖症患者有望被治愈。华盛顿大学的研究人员利用大脑成像,已经查明大脑中心被称作扁桃腺里的基底外侧核。这个科研组的研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》(PLoS One)杂志上,他们表示,有一天借助这项发现可能“能治愈对正常脑功能产生干扰的恐惧症”。(生物谷Bioon.com)
BMC Neuroscience 2009, 10:72doi:10.1186/1471-2202-10-72
Excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to left dorsal premotor cortex enhances motor consolidation of new skills
Lara A Boyd and Meghan A Linsdell
Background
Following practice of skilled movements, changes continue to take place in the brain that both strengthen and modify memory for motor learning. These changes represent motor memory consolidation a process whereby new memories are transformed from a fragile to a more permanent, robust and stable state. In the present study, the neural correlates of motor memory consolidation were probed using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Participants engaged in four days of continuous tracking practice that immediately followed either excitatory 5 HZ, inhibitory 1 HZ or control, sham rTMS. A delayed retention test assessed motor learning of repeated and random sequences of continuous movement; no rTMS was applied at retention.
Results
We discovered that 5 HZ excitatory rTMS to PMd stimulated motor memory consolidation as evidenced by off-line learning, whereas only memory stabilization was noted following 1 Hz inhibitory or sham stimulation.
Conclusions
Our data support the hypothesis that PMd is important for continuous motor learning, specifically via off-line consolidation of learned motor behaviors.